Cytochrome P450 2D6

Details

Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • 1.14.14.-
  • Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase
  • CYP2DL1
  • CYPIID6
  • Cytochrome P450-DB1
  • Debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase
Gene Name
CYP2D6
UniProtKB Entry
P10635Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004641|Cytochrome P450 2D6
MGLEALVPLAVIVAIFLLLVDLMHRRQRWAARYPPGPLPLPGLGNLLHVDFQNTPYCFDQ
LRRRFGDVFSLQLAWTPVVVLNGLAAVREALVTHGEDTADRPPVPITQILGFGPRSQGVF
LARYGPAWREQRRFSVSTLRNLGLGKKSLEQWVTEEAACLCAAFANHSGRPFRPNGLLDK
AVSNVIASLTCGRRFEYDDPRFLRLLDLAQEGLKEESGFLREVLNAVPVLLHIPALAGKV
LRFQKAFLTQLDELLTEHRMTWDPAQPPRDLTEAFLAEMEKAKGNPESSFNDENLRIVVA
DLFSAGMVTTSTTLAWGLLLMILHPDVQRRVQQEIDDVIGQVRRPEMGDQAHMPYTTAVI
HEVQRFGDIVPLGVTHMTSRDIEVQGFRIPKGTTLITNLSSVLKDEAVWEKPFRFHPEHF
LDAQGHFVKPEAFLPFSAGRRACLGEPLARMELFLFFTSLLQHFSFSVPTGQPRPSHHGV
FAFLVSPSPYELCAVPR
Number of residues
497
Molecular Weight
55768.94
Theoretical pI
7.26
GO Classification
Functions
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity / anandamide 14,15 epoxidase activity / anandamide 8,9 epoxidase activity
Processes
cholesterol metabolic process / estrogen metabolic process / long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process / retinol metabolic process / xenobiotic catabolic process
Components
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
General Function
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants
Specific Function
Anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0019275|Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6)
ATGGGGCTAGAAGCACTGGTGCCCCTGGCCGTGATAGTGGCCATCTTCCTGCTCCTGGTG
GACCTGATGCACCGGCGCCAACGCTGGGCTGCACGCTACCCACCAGGCCCCCTGCCACTG
CCCGGGCTGGGCAACCTGCTGCATGTGGACTTCCAGAACACACCATACTGCTTCGACCAG
TTGCGGCGCCGCTTCGGGGACGTGTTCAGCCTGCAGCTGGCCTGGACGCCGGTGGTCGTG
CTCAATGGGCTGGCGGCCGTGCGCGAGGCGCTGGTGACCCACGGCGAGGACACCGCCGAC
CGCCCGCCTGTGCCCATCACCCAGATCCTGGGTTTCGGGCCGCGTTCCCAAGGGGTGTTC
CTGGCGCGCTATGGGCCCGCGTGGCGCGAGCAGAGGCGCTTCTCCGTGTCCACCTTGCGC
AACTTGGGCCTGGGCAAGAAGTCGCTGGAGCAGTGGGTGACCGAGGAGGCCGCCTGCCTT
TGTGCCGCCTTCGCCAACCACTCCGGACGCCCCTTTCGCCCCAACGGTCTCTTGGACAAA
GCCGTGAGCAACGTGATCGCCTCCCTCACCTGCGGGCGCCGCTTCGAGTACGACGACCCT
CGCTTCCTCAGGCTGCTGGACCTAGCTCAGGAGGGACTGAAGGAGGAGTCGGGCTTTCTG
CGCGAGGTGCTGAATGCTGTCCCCGTCCTCCTGCATATCCCAGCGCTGGCTGGCAAGGTC
CTACGCTTCCAAAAGGCTTTCCTGACCCAGCTGGATGAGCTGCTAACTGAGCACAGGATG
ACCTGGGACCCAGCCCAGCCCCCCCGAGACCTGACTGAGGCCTTCCTGGCAGAGATGGAG
AAGGCCAAGGGGAACCCTGAGAGCAGCTTCAATGATGAGAACCTGCGCATAGTGGTGGCT
GACCTGTTCTCTGCCGGGATGGTGACCACCTCGACCACGCTGGCCTGGGGCCTCCTGCTC
ATGATCCTACATCCGGATGTGCAGCGCCGTGTCCAACAGGAGATCGACGACGTGATAGGG
CAGGTGCGGCGACCAGAGATGGGTGACCAGGCTCACATGCCCTACACCACTGCCGTGATT
CATGAGGTGCAGCGCTTTGGGGACATCGTCCCCCTGGGTGTGACCCATATGACATCCCGT
GACATCGAAGTACAGGGCTTCCGCATCCCTAAGGGAACGACACTCATCACCAACCTGTCA
TCGGTGCTGAAGGATGAGGCCGTCTGGGAGAAGCCCTTCCGCTTCCACCCCGAACACTTC
CTGGATGCCCAGGGCCACTTTGTGAAGCCGGAGGCCTTCCTGCCTTTCTCAGCAGGCCGC
CGTGCATGCCTCGGGGAGCCCCTGGCCCGCATGGAGCTCTTCCTCTTCTTCACCTCCCTG
CTGCAGCACTTCAGCTTCTCGGTGCCCACTGGACAGCCCCGGCCCAGCCACCATGGTGTC
TTTGCTTTCCTGGTGAGCCCATCCCCCTATGAGCTTTGTGCTGTGCCCCGCTAG
Chromosome Location
22
Locus
22q13.2
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP10635
UniProtKB Entry NameCP2D6_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID181350
GenBank Gene IDM20403
GeneCard IDCYP2D6
GenAtlas IDCYP2D6
HGNC IDHGNC:2625
PDB ID(s)2F9Q, 3QM4, 3TBG, 3TDA, 4WNT, 4WNU, 4WNV, 4WNW, 4XRY, 4XRZ, 5TFT, 5TFU, 6CSB, 6CSD
KEGG IDhsa:1565
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID1329
NCBI Gene ID1565
General References
  1. Gonzalez FJ, Vilbois F, Hardwick JP, McBride OW, Nebert DW, Gelboin HV, Meyer UA: Human debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (P450IID1): cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence and assignment of the CYP2D locus to chromosome 22. Genomics. 1988 Feb;2(2):174-9. [Article]
  2. Gonzalez FJ, Skoda RC, Kimura S, Umeno M, Zanger UM, Nebert DW, Gelboin HV, Hardwick JP, Meyer UA: Characterization of the common genetic defect in humans deficient in debrisoquine metabolism. Nature. 1988 Feb 4;331(6155):442-6. [Article]
  3. Kimura S, Umeno M, Skoda RC, Meyer UA, Gonzalez FJ: The human debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase (CYP2D) locus: sequence and identification of the polymorphic CYP2D6 gene, a related gene, and a pseudogene. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Dec;45(6):889-904. [Article]
  4. Gaedigk A, Bhathena A, Ndjountche L, Pearce RE, Abdel-Rahman SM, Alander SW, Bradford LD, Rogan PK, Leeder JS: Identification and characterization of novel sequence variations in the cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) gene in African Americans. Pharmacogenomics J. 2005;5(3):173-82. [Article]
  5. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Honda A, Miyazaki T, Ikegami T, Iwamoto J, Maeda T, Hirayama T, Saito Y, Teramoto T, Matsuzaki Y: Cholesterol 25-hydroxylation activity of CYP3A. J Lipid Res. 2011 Aug;52(8):1509-16. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M014084. Epub 2011 May 16. [Article]
  8. Rowland P, Blaney FE, Smyth MG, Jones JJ, Leydon VR, Oxbrow AK, Lewis CJ, Tennant MG, Modi S, Eggleston DS, Chenery RJ, Bridges AM: Crystal structure of human cytochrome P450 2D6. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 17;281(11):7614-22. Epub 2005 Dec 13. [Article]
  9. Tyndale R, Aoyama T, Broly F, Matsunaga T, Inaba T, Kalow W, Gelboin HV, Meyer UA, Gonzalez FJ: Identification of a new variant CYP2D6 allele lacking the codon encoding Lys-281: possible association with the poor metabolizer phenotype. Pharmacogenetics. 1991 Oct;1(1):26-32. [Article]
  10. Yokota H, Tamura S, Furuya H, Kimura S, Watanabe M, Kanazawa I, Kondo I, Gonzalez FJ: Evidence for a new variant CYP2D6 allele CYP2D6J in a Japanese population associated with lower in vivo rates of sparteine metabolism. Pharmacogenetics. 1993 Oct;3(5):256-63. [Article]
  11. Evert B, Griese EU, Eichelbaum M: A missense mutation in exon 6 of the CYP2D6 gene leading to a histidine 324 to proline exchange is associated with the poor metabolizer phenotype of sparteine. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;350(4):434-9. [Article]
  12. Daly AK, Leathart JB, London SJ, Idle JR: An inactive cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 allele containing a deletion and a base substitution. Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;95(3):337-41. [Article]
  13. Masimirembwa C, Persson I, Bertilsson L, Hasler J, Ingelman-Sundberg M: A novel mutant variant of the CYP2D6 gene (CYP2D6*17) common in a black African population: association with diminished debrisoquine hydroxylase activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;42(6):713-9. [Article]
  14. Marez D, Legrand M, Sabbagh N, Lo-Guidice JM, Boone P, Broly F: An additional allelic variant of the CYP2D6 gene causing impaired metabolism of sparteine. Hum Genet. 1996 May;97(5):668-70. [Article]
  15. Marez D, Legrand M, Sabbagh N, Lo Guidice JM, Spire C, Lafitte JJ, Meyer UA, Broly F: Polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene in a European population: characterization of 48 mutations and 53 alleles, their frequencies and evolution. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Jun;7(3):193-202. [Article]
  16. Wang SL, Lai MD, Huang JD: G169R mutation diminishes the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 in Chinese. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999 Mar;27(3):385-8. [Article]
  17. Solus JF, Arietta BJ, Harris JR, Sexton DP, Steward JQ, McMunn C, Ihrie P, Mehall JM, Edwards TL, Dawson EP: Genetic variation in eleven phase I drug metabolism genes in an ethnically diverse population. Pharmacogenomics. 2004 Oct;5(7):895-931. [Article]
  18. Dai DP, Geng PW, Wang SH, Cai J, Hu LM, Nie JJ, Hu JH, Hu GX, Cai JP: In vitro functional assessment of 22 newly identified CYP2D6 allelic variants in the Chinese population. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2015 Jul;117(1):39-43. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12363. Epub 2015 Jan 14. [Article]

Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
Fluvoxamineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Amphetamineapproved, illicit, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
CevimelineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tramadolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Ranolazineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Metoprololapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Lidocaineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
VenlafaxineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
AtomoxetineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Codeineapproved, illicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MirtazapineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TimololapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mexiletineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Prochlorperazineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MeperidineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DuloxetineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Chlorpromazineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Darifenacinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Oxycodoneapproved, illicit, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
HaloperidolapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ritonavirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
DextromethorphanapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
CarteololapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
HydroxyzineapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Fenfluramineapproved, illicit, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ClonidineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FluphenazineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dextropropoxypheneapproved, illicit, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Trazodoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
GalantamineapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
TamoxifenapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Thioridazineapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Nicergolineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Paroxetineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Risperidoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Dolasetronapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MinaprineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DonepezilapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PerphenazineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ranitidineapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Alprenololexperimental, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Ondansetronapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Phenforminapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Almotriptanapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Maprotilineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Hydrocodoneapproved, illicit, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Pindololapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
CinacalcetapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ProcainamideapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tolterodineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Promethazineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Perhexilineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ChlorpheniramineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Carvedilolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Doxepinapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Desipramineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Acebutololapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Flecainideapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Encainideapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Metoclopramideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Clomipramineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Moclobemideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Arformoterolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Ciclesonideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Ethylmorphineexperimental, illicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TiotropiumapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Diphenhydramineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Debrisoquineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
CitalopramapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Reboxetineapproved, experimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Clotrimazoleapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Gefitinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
AmitriptylineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Terfenadineapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Diltiazemapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
ChlorzoxazoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
ClozapineapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Loratadineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ImipramineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
QuinineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Celecoxibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Cimetidineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Mephenytoinapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
NortriptylineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Amodiaquineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nicardipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
DelavirdineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
TrimipramineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tranylcypromineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Terbinafineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Quinidineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Buprenorphineapproved, illicit, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Mesoridazineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AzelastineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ketoconazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
MequitazineexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
SertralineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Miconazoleapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
NifedipineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Amiodaroneapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
ProguanilapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nefazodoneapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
BupropionapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
EscitalopramapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
PropafenoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Dexfenfluramineapproved, illicit, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Oxymorphoneapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
HalofantrineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Aripiprazoleapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Methotrimeprazineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Dihydrocodeineapproved, illicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Palonosetronapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Nebivololapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
BicifadineinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidineexperimental, illicitunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Sertindoleapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mianserinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TesmilifeneinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Zuclopenthixolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Propranololapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
RotigotineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Fluoxetineapproved, vet_approvednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
FluvastatinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AtorvastatinapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cerivastatinapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ImatinibapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Olanzapineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Tripelennamineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Bortezomibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Trabectedinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Cinnarizineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FlunarizineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
BufuralolexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
4-Methoxyamphetamineexperimental, illicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PhenacetinwithdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Sparteineexperimental, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Clemastineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cocaineapproved, illicitunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Doxorubicinapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
MethadoneapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Mibefradilinvestigational, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
MidodrineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TiclopidineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
AmoxapineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Chloroquineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
IloperidoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Metamfetamineapproved, illicit, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Pipotiazineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Tamsulosinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tetrabenazineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
LopinavirapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tipranavirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
DronedaroneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Isoniazidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
LumefantrineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nilotinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Aminophenazoneapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
NevirapineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Eletriptanapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
ZolpidemapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Etoricoxibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Sildenafilapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AcetaminophenapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
CyclobenzaprineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AmlodipineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Amprenavirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AprindineexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Astemizoleapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Bepridilapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Betaxololapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Biperidenapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Bupivacaineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Buspironeapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
CaffeineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Cyclosporineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cisaprideapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dimethyl sulfoxideapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Domperidoneapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DoxazosinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Efavirenzapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Epinastineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Felodipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
HydroxychloroquineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
IdarubicinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
IndinavirapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
LabetalolapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Lansoprazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lercanidipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lomustineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Mepyramineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Methoxyfluraneapproved, investigational, vet_approved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mifepristoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nateglinideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
NelfinavirapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nicotinamideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
NicotineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Niacinapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Omeprazoleapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
OxamniquineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
OxprenololapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Oxybutyninapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pentamidineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Antipyrineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PimozideapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Piperazineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PrimaquineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Progesteroneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
QuetiapineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Remoxiprideapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Rosiglitazoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Saquinavirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Selegilineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
SimvastatinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
SulfaphenazoleapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tegaserodapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
TheophyllineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MethimazoleapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ThiothixeneapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
TrospiumapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
VerapamilapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
VinblastineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Vinorelbineapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Yohimbineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TemsirolimusapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Sorafenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Erlotinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
BicalutamideapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Rabeprazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cilostazolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AsenapineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
PazopanibapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
FesoterodineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
VilazodoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
LoperamideapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
RepinotaninvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Benzyl alcoholapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Clevidipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Dexmedetomidineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
IndisulaminvestigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
EnclomipheneinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TapentadolapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Lorcaserinapproved, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
AbirateroneapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
VemurafenibapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
MirabegronapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ponatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AlogliptinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Levomilnacipranapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DapagliflozinapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Eliglustatapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Netupitantapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
NaloxegolapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
UmeclidiniumapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
CobicistatapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Vortioxetineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Cariprazineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Clobazamapproved, illicitnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Brexpiprazoleapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Rolapitantapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
EsmirtazapineinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Panobinostatapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ixazomibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Oxymetholoneapproved, illicitunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
DasabuvirapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
DeramciclaneinvestigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Peginterferon alfa-2bapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Entacaponeapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ospemifeneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
SulconazoleapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Glycerol phenylbutyrateapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Promazineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
StiripentolapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Rucaparibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Dexchlorpheniramine maleateapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Deutetrabenazineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Vernakalantapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Midostaurinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Valbenazineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
RheinexperimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Diacereinapproved, investigationalunknowntargetinhibitorDetails
PerospironeexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DosulepinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
RupatadineapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Manidipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Enasidenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Letermovirapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Cannabidiolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Artenimolapproved, experimental, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
LorpiprazoleapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
MelperoneinvestigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pitolisantapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Isavuconazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Opiumapproved, illicitnoenzymesubstrateDetails
IbrutinibapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Asunaprevirapproved, investigational, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamineexperimental, illicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Black cohoshexperimentalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
NabiximolsinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Medical Cannabisexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ipecacapproved, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Lofexidineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Curcuminapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lysergic acid diethylamideillicit, investigational, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Aripiprazole lauroxilapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Encorafenibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Tafenoquineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Elagolixapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
AnisodamineinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
ArotinololinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
AtenololapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
BefunololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
BevantololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
BopindololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
BucindololinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
BupranololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Celiprololapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
CloranololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
EpanololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
EsatenololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Esmololapproved, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateDetails
IndenololwithdrawnnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Landiololapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Levobetaxololapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
LevobunololapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
MepindololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
MetipranololapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Penbutololapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
PractololapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
SotalolapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
TalinololinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
TertatololexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
PhenelzineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Safinamideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
IproniazidwithdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
PaliperidoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Lenvatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
RilpivirineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Oritavancinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
DapoxetineinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
RitanserininvestigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Fusidic acidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
PropacetamolexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Curcumin sulfateexperimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dacomitinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ClinafloxacininvestigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
St. John's Wortapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Midomafetamineexperimental, illicit, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Revefenacinapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Triclabendazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Dextroamphetamineapproved, illicitnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Desvenlafaxineapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
MeclizineapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
SolifenacinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Dexchlorpheniramineexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Mizolastineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
OrphenadrineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ButyrfentanylillicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Istradefyllineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AzimilideinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Cannabidiolapproved, investigationalunknowntargetinhibitorDetails
NabiximolsinvestigationalunknowntargetsubstrateinhibitorDetails
EverolimusapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Abemaciclibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lasmiditanapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Elexacaftorapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Upadacitinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Phenytoinapproved, vet_approvednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Ubrogepantapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Formoterolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DarunavirapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
UmifenovirinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Osilodrostatapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Fedratinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Methylene blueapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Remdesivirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
RipretinibapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Clofazimineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Oliceridineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Clascoteroneapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pralsetinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
BerotralstatapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pirfenidoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Tirbanibulinapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Zafirlukastapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Menadioneapproved, nutraceuticalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Modafinilapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
EthambutolapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Benzocaineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Pimavanserinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Rifamycinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Glycopyrroniumapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Ropeginterferon alfa-2bapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Brincidofovirapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Belumosudilapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Fexinidazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ivermectinapproved, investigational, vet_approvednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Sotagliflozinapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Quercetinexperimental, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dronabinolapproved, illicitnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cannabinolexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ganaxoloneapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Viloxazineapproved, investigational, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Mavacamtenapproved, investigationalnoenzymeDetails
Tapinarofapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Deucravacitinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Telotristat ethylapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Futibatinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Vonoprazanapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Cobimetinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
ResveratrolinvestigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Adagrasibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Bexagliflozinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Pirtobrutinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Zavegepantapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
VardenafilapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Leniolisibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
RizatriptanapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tezacaftorapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nirogacestatapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Iptacopanapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Isavuconazoniumapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Mavorixaforapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ensifentrineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Sofpironiumapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Vorasidenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
(5-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)FURAN-2-YL)METHANAMINEexperimentalyestargetinhibitorDetails
Glutethimideapproved, illicityestargetinducerDetails